Like bone

* * *

ossĕus, a, um, adj. [2. os], of bone, bone- (post Aug.):

cuneus,

Col. 5, 11:

cultelli,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 115.—

Like bone, hard as bone, bony:

manus,

Juv. 5, 53:

ilex,

Plin. 16, 38, 73, § 186:

cutis,

Cassiod. Var. 10, 30.

ālĕa, ae, f. [of uncer. origin; Curtius asserts an obscure connection with the words for bone; Sanscr. asthi; Zend, açti; Gr. osteon; Lat. os (ossis)].

A game with dice, and in gen., a game of hazard or chance. There were among the Romans two kinds of dice, tesserae and tali, Cic. Sen. 16, 58. The tesserae had six sides, which were marked with I. II. III. IV. V. VI.; the tali were rounded on two sides, and marked only on the other four. Upon one side there was one point, unio, an ace, like the ace on cards, called canis; on the opp. side, six points called senio, six, sice; on the two other sides, three and four points, ternio and quaternio. In playing, four tali were used, but only three tesserae. They were put into a box made in the form of a tower, with a strait neck, and wider below than above, called fritillus, turris, turricula, etc. This box was shaken, and the dice were thrown upon the gaming-board. The highest or most fortunate throw, called Venus, jactus Venereus or basilicus, was, of the tesserae, three sixes, and of the tali when they all came out with different numbers. The worst or lowest throw, called jactus pessimus or damnosus, canis or canicula, was, of the tesserae, three aces, and of the tali when they were all the same. The other throws were valued acc. to the numbers. When one of the tali fell upon the end (in caput) it was said rectus cadere, or assistere, Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54, and the throw was repeated. While throwing the dice, it was customary for a person to express his wishes, to repeat the name of his mistress, and the like. Games of chance were prohibited by the Lex Titia et Publicia et Cornelia (cf. Hor. C. 3, 24, 58), except in the month of December, during the Saturnalia, Mart. 4, 14, 7; 5, 85; 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71; Dig. 11, 5. The character of gamesters, aleatores or aleones, was held as infamous in the time of Cicero, cf. Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Phil. 2, 23, although there was much playing with aleae, and old men were esp. fond of this game, because it required little physical exertion, Cic. Sen. 16, 58; Suet. Aug. 71; Juv. 14, 4; cf.

Jahn,

Ov. Tr. 2, 471; Rupert. ad Tac. G. 24, 5:

provocat me in aleam, ut ego ludam,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 75.—Ludere aleā or aleam, also sometimes in aleā:

in foro aleā ludere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 23, 56; Dig. 11, 5, 1: ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70:

aleam studiosissime lusit,

Suet. Claud. 33; so id. Ner. 30; Juv. 8, 10:

repetitio ejus, quod in aleā lusum est,

Dig. 11, 5, 4.—Hence, in aleā aliquid perdere, Cic. Phil. 2, 13:

exercere aleam,

Tac. G. 24:

indulgere aleae,

Suet. Aug. 70:

oblectare se aleā,

id. Dom. 21:

prosperiore aleā uti,

to play fortunately, id. Calig. 41.— Trop.: Jacta alea esto, Let the die be cast! Let the game be ventured! the memorable exclamation of Cæsar when, at the Rubicon, after long hesitation, he finally decided to march to Rome, Suet. Caes. 32, ubi v. Casaub. and Ruhnk.—

Transf., any thing uncertain or contingent, an accident, chance, hazard, venture, risk:

alea domini vitae ac rei familiaris,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4:

sequentes non aleam, sed rationem aliquam,

id. ib. 1, 18:

aleam inesse hostiis deligendis,

Cic. Div. 2, 15:

dare summam rerum in aleam,

to risk, Liv. 42, 59:

in dubiam imperii servitiique aleam ire,

fortune, chance, id. 1, 23:

alea belli,

id. 37, 36:

talibus admissis alea grandis inest,

Ov. A. A. 1, 376:

periculosae plenum opus aleae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 6: M. Tullius extra omnem ingenii aleam positus, raised above all doubt of his talents, Plin. praef. § 7: emere aleam, in the Pandects, to purchase any thing uncertain, contingent, e. g. a draught of fishes, Dig. 18, 1, 8; so ib. 18, 4, 7.

māla, ae, f. [mando, like scala, from scando], the cheek-bone, jaw; in the stricter anatomical sense, the upper bones of the face, between the eyes, nose, and mouth, in which the teeth are fixed (usually in plur.):

maxilla est mobile os. Malae cum toto osse, quod superiores dentes excipit, immobiles sunt,

Cels. 8, 1:

dentium pars maxillae, pars superiori ossi malarum haeret,

id. ib.: ut meos malis miser manderem natos, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 215; Lucr. 2, 638:

ambesas subigat malis absumere mensas,

Verg. A. 3, 257.—Of the dog, Verg. A. 12, 755;

of the horse,

id. G. 3, 268;

of the wolf,

id. A. 11, 681;

of the lion: horribilique malā,

Hor. C. 2, 19, 23.—

Transf., the corresponding external part of the face, a cheek (mostly in plur.):

infra oculos malae homini tantum, quas prisci genas vocabant Pudoris haec sedes: ibi maxime ostenditur rubor,

Plin. 11, 37, 58, § 157:

pugno malam si tibi percussero mox,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 104; id. Mil. 2, 5, 35:

feri malam illi rursum,

slap his cheek again, id. Cas. 2, 6, 55:

(juventas) molli vestit lanugine malas,

Lucr. 5, 889; Ov. M. 12, 391; Verg. A. 10, 324:

impubes,

id. ib. 9, 751:

tenerae,

Ov. M. 13, 753:

Quod Aulo Agerio a Numerio Negidio pugno mala percussa est, Vet. Form. in Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 2, 7, 4: paucae sine vulnere malae,

Juv. 15, 54.

spīna, ae, f. [root spī, whence also spicna, spīca, spinus], a thorn.

Lit.:

cum lubrica serpens Exuit in spinis vestem,

Lucr. 4, 61; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 5, 1; Verg. E. 5, 39; Col. 3, 11, 5; Plin. 21, 15, 54, § 91 al.:

consertum tegumen spinis,

Verg. A. 3, 594; cf. Ov. M. 14, 166; id. P. 2, 2, 36; Tac. G. 17. —Of particular kinds of thorny plants or shrubs:

solstitialis,

Col. 2, 18, 1:

alba,

whitethorn, hawthorn, id. 7, 7, 2; 7, 9, 6; 3, 11, 5; Plin. 21, 11, 39, § 68; 24, 12, 66, § 108: Aegyptia, the Egyptian blackthorn or sloe, id. 13, 11, 20, § 66; 24, 12, 65, § 107:

Arabica,

Arabian acacia, id. 24, 12, 65, § 107.—

Transf., of things of a like shape.

A prickle or spine of certain animals (as the hedgehog, sea-urchin, etc.): animantium aliae coriis tectae sunt, aliae villis vestitae, aliae spinis hirsutae, Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121:

hystrices spinā contectae (with aculei),

Plin. 8, 35, 53, § 125; 9, 59, 85, § 182:

spinā nocuus,

Ov. Hal. 130.—

A fish-bone:

humus spinis cooperta piscium,

Quint. 8, 3, 66; Ov. M. 8, 244.—

The backbone, spine:

caput spina excipit: ea constat ex vertebris quattuor et viginti, etc.,

Cels. 8, 1; 8, 9, 2; 8, 14; Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179; Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 5; Col. 6, 29, 2; Verg. G. 3, 87; Ov. M. 8, 806:

dorsi spina, Aug. Civ. Dei, 19, 4, n. 2: spina quae est in dorso,

Gell. 3, 10, 7.— Hence, poet., the back, Ov. M. 6, 380; 3, 66; 3, 672.—

Spina, a low wall dividing the circus lengthwise, around which was the race-course; the barrier, Cassiod. Var. 3, 51; Schol. Juv. 6, 588.—

A toothpick:

argentea,

Petr. 32 fin. —

Trop., in plur.

Thorns, i. e. difficulties, subtleties, perplexities in speaking and debating (class.):

disserendi spinae,

Cic. Fin. 4, 28, 79; cf.:

partiendi et definiendi,

subtleties, intricacies, id. Tusc. 4, 5, 9; cf.:

hominum more non spinas vellentium, ut Stoici,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 6.—

Cares:

certemus, spinas animone ego fortius an tu Evellas agro,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 4.—

Errors:

quid te exemta juvat spinis de pluribus una,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 212.

testa, ae, f. [ = tosta, from torreo], a piece of burned clay, a brick, tile, ostrakon.

Lit., Cic. Dom. 23, 61; Cato, R. R. 18, 7; 18, 110; Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 6; Vitr. 2, 8 fin.; 7, 1; 7, 4; Aus. Parent. 11, 9.—

Transf.

A piece of baked earthen-ware, an earthen pot, pitcher, jug, urn, etc. (cf. testu):

si Prometheus... a vicinis cum testā ambulans carbunculos corrogaret,

Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9:

testā cum ardente viderent Scintillare oleum,

a lamp, Verg. G. 1, 391:

quo semel est imbuta recens, servabit odorem Testa diu,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 70; cf. Tib. 2, 3, 47:

accipiat Manes parvula testa meos,

Prop. 2, 13, 32 (3, 5, 16):

vinum Graeca quod testā conditum levi,

Hor. C. 1, 20, 2; 3, 21, 4:

mihi fundat avitum Condita testa merum,

Ov. A. A. 2, 696; Mart. 12, 48, 8; 12, 63, 2; 13, 7, 1; Plin. 31, 10, 46, § 114.—Used in applause:

audiat ille Testarum crepitus cum verbis,

Juv. 11, 170 (cf. F. infra).—

A broken piece of earthen-ware, pottery, brick, etc.; a sherd, potsherd: dissipatis imbricum fragminibus ac testis tegularum, Sisenn. ap. Non. 125, 18:

testa parem fecit,

Ov. M. 8, 662:

fulcitur testā mensa,

Mart. 2, 43, 10; Plin. 32, 8, 28, § 89; 35, 3, 5, § 16; Tac. H. 5, 6; Prop. 4 (5), 7, 28; Juv. 3, 260.—Hence,

Transf., a piece of bone, Cels. 8, 16; so of fragments of a broken tooth, id. 6, 9 med.; 7, 22.—

Like ostrakon, a sherd, potsherd, in the ostracism or judicial voting of the Greeks: testarum suffragiis, quod illi ostrakismon vocant, Nep. Cim. 3, 1; cf. also testula.—

The shell of shell-fish or of testaceous animals:

genera beluarum ad saxa nativis testis inhaerentium,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 100:

ostreae,

Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 60:

muricum,

id. 32, 7, 27, § 84:

cochlearum,

id. 30, 8, 21, § 66:

testudinis,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 79 Müll. —Hence,

Transf.

A shell-fish:

non omne mare generosae fertile testae,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 31:

marina,

id. ib. 2, 8, 53.—

A shell or covering, in gen.:

lubricaque immotas testa premebat aquas,

i. e. an icy shell, covering of ice, Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 38: lubrica, Poët. ap. Anthol. Lat. 2, p. 62 Burm.—

The skull:

testa hominis, nudum jam cute calvitium,

Aus. Epigr. 72; Prud. steph. 10, 761; Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1; 2, 1 fin. (hence, Ital. testa and Fr. tēte).—

A brick-colored spot on the face, Plin. 26, 15, 92, § 163; 48. 12, 50, § 185.—

A sort of clapping with the flat of the hands (as if with two tiles), in token of applause, invented by Nero, Suet. Ner 20. [p. 1863]